Artificial intelligence – ETO Research Almanac

Between 2017 and 2022, researchers published roughly

900,000

English-language articles on artificial intelligence

The global artificial intelligence literature grew

103%

between 2017 and 2022

Articles on artificial intelligence made up

of articles across all fields

Authors from private companies contributed to

of artificial intelligence articles

Data last updated November 20, 2023

Vital signs

899,150

artificial intelligence articles were released between 2017 and 2022 (estd.)

103%

growth in research between 2017 and 2022

of all articles focused on artificial intelligence

citations for the average artificial intelligence article

citations for the average article

18%

of artificial intelligence articles have American authors

30%

have Chinese authors

16%

have European authors

Country	Articles (2017-2022)	Growth (2017-2022)	Global share	Citations per article
China	266,501	150%	30%	14.8
United States	165,010	35%	18%	30.3
India	55,608	118%	6%	8.8

Attention Is All You Need
2017: arXiv: Computation and Language. 75,827 citations
BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding
2018: arXiv: Computation and Language. 64,121 citations
An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale
2020: arXiv: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 18,285 citations
Medical Image Classification Utilizing Ensemble Learning and Levy Flight-Based Honey Badger Algorithm on 6G-Enabled Internet of Things
2017: arXiv: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 15,816 citations
YOLOv3: An Incremental Improvement
2018: arXiv: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 15,392 citations
RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach
2019: arXiv: Computation and Language. 15,211 citations
A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictions
2017: arXiv: Artificial Intelligence. 12,889 citations
Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners
2019: Unknown source. 12,106 citations
Graph Attention Networks
2017: arXiv: Machine Learning. 11,918 citations
A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representations
2019: arXiv: Learning. 11,301 citations

Top producers of artificial intelligence research (by article count)

Organization	Articles (2017-2022)	Citations per article	Country
Chinese Academy of Sciences	15,240	27.3	China
Tsinghua University	7,857	35.8	China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences	5,949	25.8	China

of artificial intelligence articles are cited in patents

of articles are cited in patents

of artificial intelligence articles had authors from private companies (vs 3% of articles in general)

Company	Articles (2017-2022)	Citations per article	Country
Google	4,731	143.1	United States
Microsoft	4,242	133.4	United States
IBM	2,648	35.5	United States