ETO Logo
ETO Research Almanac
Between 2016 and 2021, researchers published roughly
1,520,000
English-language articles on artificial intelligence
The global artificial intelligence literature grew
79%
between 2016 and 2021
Articles on artificial intelligence made up
6%
of articles across all fields
Authors from private companies contributed to
4%
of artificial intelligence articles
What counts as "artificial intelligence" research?How precise are these numbers?What are the other caveats?
Data last updated May 17, 2023

Vital signs

1,519,429
artificial intelligence articles were released between 2016 and 2021 (estd.)
Statistic description
79%
growth in research between 2016 and 2021
Statistic description
6%
of all articles focused on artificial intelligence

Citation impact

14
citations for the average artificial intelligence article
11
citations for the average article

Countries

Documentation
19%
of artificial intelligence articles have American authors
Statistic description
28%
have Chinese authors
Statistic description
19%
have European authors
Statistic description
Country Articles (2016-2021)Documentation Growth (2016-2021) Global shareDocumentation Citations per articleDocumentation
China431,207120%28%15.7
United States290,04585%19%26.2
India110,367127%7%9.9

Top-cited articlesDocumentation

Research organizations

Documentation
  • #1 Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)
  • #2 Tsinghua University (China)
  • #3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)
Organization Articles
(2016-2021Documentation
Citations per article Documentation Country
Chinese Academy of Sciences19,33332.9China
Tsinghua University12,37336.6China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences10,01928.6China

Patents and industry

2%
of artificial intelligence articles are cited in patents
1%
of articles are cited in patents
4%
of artificial intelligence articles had authors from private companies (vs 2% of articles in general)
Statistic description
Company Articles
(2016-2021Documentation
Citations per article Documentation Country
Google6,332130.1United States
Microsoft6,05076.4United States
Facebook2,464153.9United States