Cybersecurity – ETO Research Almanac

ETO Research Almanac

Between 2018 and 2023, researchers published roughly

235,000

English-language articles on cybersecurity

The global cybersecurity literature grew

44%

between 2018 and 2023

Articles on cybersecurity made up

of articles across all fields

Authors from private companies contributed to

of cybersecurity articles

What counts as "cybersecurity" research?•How precise are these numbers?•What are the other caveats?

Explore relevant research in the Map of Science

Data last updated October 13, 2025

Vital signs

236,148
cybersecurity articles were released between 2018 and 2023 (estd.)
44%
growth in research between 2018 and 2023
1%
of articles in general focused on cybersecurity

Citation impact

14
citations for the average cybersecurity article
11
citations for the average article in general

Countries

15%
of cybersecurity articles have American authors
18%
have Chinese authors
15%
have European authors

Country	Articles (2018-2023)	Growth (2018-2023)	Global share	Citations per article
China	42,072	85%	18%	18.3
India	37,180	93%	16%	9.7
United States	36,306	10%	15%	25.7

Top-cited articles

Federated Machine Learning: Concept and Applications
2019: arXiv. 5,119 citations
Toward Generating a New Intrusion Detection Dataset and Intrusion Traffic Characterization
2018: International Conference on Information Systems Security and Privacy. 3,967 citations
Blockchain challenges and opportunities: a survey
2018: International Journal of Web and Grid Services. 3,962 citations
Obfuscated Gradients Give a False Sense of Security: Circumventing Defenses to Adversarial Examples
2018: arXiv. 3,308 citations
Spectre Attacks: Exploiting Speculative Execution
2018: arXiv. 2,487 citations
Deep Leakage from Gradients
2019: arXiv. 2,482 citations
Threat of Adversarial Attacks on Deep Learning in Computer Vision: A Survey
2018: arXiv. 2,158 citations
Certified Adversarial Robustness via Randomized Smoothing
2019: arXiv. 2,112 citations
Extracting Training Data from Large Language Models
2020: arXiv. 2,082 citations
Federated Learning With Differential Privacy: Algorithms and Performance Analysis
2019: arXiv. 2,075 citations

Research organizations

Top producers of cybersecurity research (by article count)

#1 Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)
#2 Xidian University (China)
#3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)

Organization	Articles (2018-2023)	Citations per article	Country
Chinese Academy of Sciences	2,547	21.6	China
Xidian University	1,634	26	China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences	1,532	18.9	China

Patents and industry

7%
of cybersecurity articles are cited in patents
2%
of articles across all fields are cited in patents
5%
of cybersecurity articles had authors from private companies (vs 3% of articles in general)

Top industry organizations by publication count

Company	Articles (2018-2023)	Citations per article	Country
State Grid Corporation of China	572	6.1	China
Microsoft	436	54	United States
IBM	431	45.1	United States

Research subject classifications are based on work supported in part by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation under Grant No. G-2023-22358. For details on our sourcing, methodology, and limitations, see the tool documentation.