Between 2018 and 2023, researchers published roughly
1,565,000
English-language articles on artificial intelligence
The global artificial intelligence literature grew
113%
between 2018 and 2023
Articles on artificial intelligence made up
6%
of articles across all fields
Authors from private companies contributed to
6%
of artificial intelligence articles
What counts as "artificial intelligence" research?•How precise are these numbers?•What are the other caveats?
Data last updated October 13, 2025
- 1,564,384artificial intelligence articles were released between 2018 and 2023 (estd.)
- 113%growth in research between 2018 and 2023
- 6%of articles in general focused on artificial intelligence
- 20citations for the average artificial intelligence article
- 11citations for the average article in general
- 16%of artificial intelligence articles have American authors
- 24%have Chinese authors
- 17%have European authors
Country | Articles (2018-2023) | Growth (2018-2023) | Global share | Citations per article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | 375,970 | 186% | 24% | 22.5 |
| United States | 253,026 | 59% | 16% | 39.2 |
| India | 149,830 | 205% | 10% | 11.3 |
- 2018: arXiv. 106,388 citations
- 2020: arXiv. 49,036 citations
- 2019: arXiv. 45,984 citations
- 2020: arXiv. 45,880 citations
- 2021: Nature. 33,684 citations
- 2021: arXiv. 32,701 citations
- 2021: arXiv. 31,070 citations
- 2018: viXra. 29,614 citations
- 2018: arXiv. 27,367 citations
- 2019: arXiv. 26,964 citations
- #1 Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)
- #2 Tsinghua University (China)
- #3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)
Organization | Articles (2018-2023) | Citations per article | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese Academy of Sciences | 22,601 | 35.3 | China |
| Tsinghua University | 12,608 | 53 | China |
| University of Chinese Academy of Sciences | 12,367 | 36.7 | China |
- 7%of artificial intelligence articles are cited in patents
- 2%of articles across all fields are cited in patents
- 6%of artificial intelligence articles had authors from private companies (vs 3% of articles in general)
Top industry organizations by publication count
Company | Articles (2018-2023) | Citations per article | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6,008 | 196.1 | United States | |
| Microsoft | 5,239 | 99.1 | United States |
| Alibaba Group | 3,488 | 58.2 | China |
Research subject classifications are based on work supported in part by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation under Grant No. G-2023-22358. For details on our sourcing, methodology, and limitations, see the tool documentation.